Early Greek Education Essay

Definition HIV infection is a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The condition gradually destroys the immune system, which makes it harder for the body to fight infections. Most people infected with HIV eventually develop AIDS. These individuals mostly die from opportunistic infections or malignancies associated with the progressive failure of the immune system. HIV progresses to AIDS at a variable rate affected by viral, host, and environmental factors; HIV-specific treatment delays this process. Most will progress to AIDS within 10 years of HIV infection: some will have progressed much sooner, and some will take much longer. Treatment with anti-retrovirals increases the life expectancy of people infected with HIV. Even after HIV has progressed to diagnosable AIDS, the average survival time with antiretroviral therapy was estimated to be more than 5 years as of 2005. Without antiretroviral therapy, someone who has AIDS typically dies within a year. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors. HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk. When HIV infection becomes advanced it often is referred to as AIDS. It generally occurs when the CD4 count is below 200/mL and is characterized by the appearance of opportunistic infections. These are infections that take advantage of a weakened immune system and include: †¢ Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia †¢ Toxoplasmosis †¢ Tuberculosis †¢ Extreme weight loss and wasting; exacerbated by diarrhea which can be experienced in up to 90% of HIV patients worldwide †¢ Meningitis and  other brain infections †¢ Fungal infections †¢ Syphilis †¢ Malignancies such as lymphoma, cervical cancer, and †¢ Kaposi’s Sarcoma Today we know that Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease and not a syndrome. A syndrome is commonly used to refer to collections of symptoms that do not have an easily identifiable cause. This name was more appropriate 13 years ago, when doctors were only aware of the late stages of the disease and did not fully understand its mechanisms. A more current name for the condition, regardless of an AIDS diagnosis, is HIV Disease. This name is more accurate because it refers to the pathogen that causes AIDS and encompasses all the condition’s stages, from infection to the deterioration of the immune system and the onset of opportunistic diseases. However, AIDS is still the name that most people use to refer to the immune deficiency caused by HIV. †¢ Acquired — because it is a condition that has to be contracted. It cannot be inherited or transmitted through the genes. †¢ Immune — because it affects the body’s immune system, the part of the body that fights off diseases. †¢ Deficiency — because it makes the immune system stop working properly. †¢ Syndrome — because people with AIDS experience a number of different symptoms and opportunistic diseases. Four stages of HIV infection: 1. Incubation Period In the majority of the infected population, HIV remains asymptomatic for years. The only way to know if you have HIV is to be tested. It is important to know, however, that it may take up to six months after exposure to the HIV virus before you will test positive on an HIV antibody test, although most infected people will test positive within 3 months. A negative test, therefore, isn’t a reliable indicator of your infection status if you were only exposed last week. Tests that look directly for HIV RNA, the virus’ genetic material, can detect an infection earlier, but are harder to find. 2. Acute HIV infection The initial infection with HIV generally occurs after transfer of body fluids from an infected person to an uninfected one. The first stage of infection, the primary, or acute infection, is a period of rapid viral replication that immediately follows the individual’s exposure to HIV leading to an abundance of virus in the peripheral blood with levels of HIV commonly approaching several million viruses per mL. This response is accompanied by a marked drop in the numbers of circulating CD4+ T cells. This acute viremia is associated in virtually all patients with the activation of CD8+ T cells, which kill HIV-infected cells, and subsequently with antibody production, or seroconversion. The CD8+ T cell response is thought to be important in controlling virus levels, which peak and then decline, as the CD4+ T cell counts rebound to around 800 cells per  µL (the normal blood value is 1200 cells per  µL ). A good CD8+ T cell response has been linked to slower disease progression and a better prognosis, though it does not eliminate the virus. During this period (usually 2–4 weeks post-exposure) most individuals (80 to 90%) develop an influenza or mononucleosis-like illness called acute HIV infection. Because of the nonspecific nature of these symptoms, they are often not recognized as signs of HIV infection. Even if patients go to their doctors or a hospital, they will often be misdiagnosed as having one of the more common infectious diseases with the same symptoms. Consequently, these primary symptoms are not used to diagnose HIV infection as they do not develop in all cases and because many are caused by other more common diseases. However, recognizing the syndrome can be important because the patient is much more infectious during this period. 3. Latency stage A strong immune defense reduces the number of viral particles in the blood stream, marking the start of the infection’s clinical latency stage. Clinical latency can vary between two weeks and 20 years. During this early phase of infection, HIV is active within lymphoid organs, where large amounts of virus become trapped in the follicular dendritic cells (FDC) network. The surrounding tissues that are rich in CD4+ T cells may also become infected, and viral particles accumulate both in infected cells and as free virus. Individuals who are in this phase are still infectious. During this time, CD4+ CD45RO+ T cells carry most of the proviral load. 4.  AIDS When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level of 200 cells per  µL, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and infections with a variety of opportunistic microbes appear. The first symptoms often include moderate and unexplained weight loss, recurring respiratory tract infections (such as sinusitis, bronchitis, otitis media, pharyngitis),prostatitis, skin rashes, and oral ulcerations. Common opportunistic infections and tumors, most of which are normally controlled by robust CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity then start to affect the patient. Typically, resistance is lost early on to oral Candida species and to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which leads to an increased susceptibility to oral candidiasis(thrush) and tuberculosis. Later, reactivation of latent herpes viruses may cause worsening recurrences of herpes simplex eruptions, shingles, Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell lymphomas, or Kaposi’s sarcoma. Pneumonia caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii is common and often fatal. In the final stages of AIDS, infection with cytomegalovirus (another herpes virus) or Mycobacterium avium complex is more prominent. Not all patients with AIDS get all these infections or tumors, and there are other tumors and infections that are less prominent but still significant. Incidence As a national and global epidemic, the degree of morbidity and mortality caused by caused by HIV or AIDS. At the end of 2002, it was estimated that there were 42 million people living with HIV / AIDS and that more than 25 million had died of the infection. During the same year, 5 million were newly infected with the virus, and for the first time, women and young people 15 to 24 years of age accounted for 50% of HIV infections. In the year 2007, it was estimated that 33.2 million people lived with the disease worldwide, and that AIDS had killed an estimated 2.1 million people, including 330,000 children. In the Philippines, cases were estimated to be 29 each month in the year 2007 and continue on until 2008. As of September 2008, the Department of Health (DOH) AIDS Registry in the Philippines reported 3,456 people living with HIV/AIDS. The Philippines is a low-HIV-prevalence country, with less than 0.1 percent of the adult  population estimated to be HIV-positive. Etiology AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The four major routes of transmission are unsafe sex, contaminated needles, breast milk, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth (Vertical transmission). Screening of blood products for HIV has largely eliminated transmission through blood transfusions or infected blood products in the developed world. HIV primarily infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through three main mechanisms: firstly, direct viral killing of infected cells; secondly, increased rates of apoptosis in infected cells; and thirdly, killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections. HIV is present to variable degrees in the blood and genital secretions of virtually all individuals infected with HIV, regardless of whether or not they have symptoms. The spread of HIV can occur when these secretions come in contact with tissues such as those lining the vagina, anal area, mouth, or eyes (the mucus membranes), or with a break in the skin, such as from a cut or puncture by a needle. The most common ways in which HIV is spreading throughout the world include sexual contact, sharing needles, and by transmission from infected mothers to their newborns during pregnancy, labor (the delivery process), or breastfeeding. (See the section below on treatment during pregnancy for a discussion on reducing the risk of  transmission to the newborn.) There is little evidence that HIV can be transferred by casual exposure, as might occur in a household setting. For example, unless there are open sores or blood in the mouth, kissing is generally considered not to be a risk factor for transmitting HIV. This is because saliva, in contrast to genital secretions, has been shown to contain very little HIV. Still, theoretical risks are associated with the sharing of toothbrushes and shaving razors because they can cause bleeding, and blood can contain large amounts of HIV. Consequently, these items should not be shared with infected people. Similarly, without sexual exposure or direct contact with blood, there is little if any risk of HIV contagion in the workplace or classroom. Pathophysiology Signs and Symptoms †¢ Acute HIV infection [pic] Main symptoms of acute HIV infection. †¢ Symptomatic HIV infection or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome – Moderate and unexplained weight loss – Recurring respiratory tract infections (such as sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pharyngitis) – Prostatitis, skin rashes, and oral ulcerations – Oral candidiasis and Tuberculosis caused by Candida species and Mycobacterium tuberculosis respectively. – Reactivation of latent herpes viruses may cause worsening recurrences of herpes simplex eruptions, shingles, Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell lymphomas, or Kaposi’s sarcoma. – Pneumonia caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii is common and often fatal. – In the final stages of AIDS, infection with cytomegalovirus (another herpes virus) or Mycobacterium avium complex is more prominent. WHO Case Definition for AIDS Surveillance For the purpose of AIDS surveillance an adult or adolescent (>12 years of age) is considered to have AIDS if at least 2 of the following major signs are present in combination with at least 1 of the minor signs listed below, and if these signs are not known to be due to a condition unrelated to HIV infection. Major Signs – Weight loss >10% of body weight – Chronic diarrhea for more than 1 month – Prolonged fever for more than 1 month (intermittent of constant) Minor Signs – Persistent cough for more than 1 month – Generalized pruritic dermatitis – History of herpes zoster – Chronic progressive or disseminated herpes simplex infection – Generalized lymphadenopathy The presence of either generalized Kaposi sarcoma or cryptococcal meningitis is sufficient for the diagnosis of AIDS for surveillance purposes. Expanded WHO Case Definition for AIDS Surveillance For the purpose of AIDS surveillance an adult or adolescent (>12 years of age) is considered to have AIDS if test for HIV antibody gives a positive result, and 1 more of the following conditions are present: – >10% body weight loss or cachexia, with diarrhea or fever, or both, intermittent or constant, for at least 1 month, not known to be due to a condition unrelated to HIV infection – Cryptococcal meningitis – Pulmonary or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis – Kaposi sarcoma – Neurological impairment that is sufficient to prevent independent daily activities, not known to be due to a condition unrelated to HIV infection (i.e. trauma or cerebrovascular accident) – Candidiasis of the esophagus (which may be presumptively diagnosed based on the presence of oral candidiasis accompanied by dysphagia) – Clinically diagnosed life-threatening or recurrent episodes of pneumonia, with or  without etiological confirmation – Invasive cervical cancer

Constitutional rights of prisoners Essay

They would use whippings and hangings, to public humiliation . Multiple prisoner where kept in crowded cells. One of the first correctional institutes in America was known as the Walnut Street jail. It was started in Philadelphia in the 1790. Prisons were meant to punish people who committed crimes. It was thought that by taking away ones freedom for committing crimes it would make them think twice about committing another crime when they were released. However by restricting them of their right to freedom violate their constitutional right? Should prisoners have rights while they are incarcerated? How do our prison systems refrain from making sure that prisoners’ rights are not being violated? Are the wardens and guards that run our prison systems doing all they can to ensure that our prisoners are being taken care of while keeping their own balance in their daily functions? There are many problems that are evident in our prison systems today that would make a person feel that a prisoners rights are being violated for instance the medical treatment of prisoners. It’s a right for a person to seek medical treatment however our inmates are not getting the treatment that they deserve due to the lack of doctors in our prisons and sometimes it due to the guards not wanting to give them the treatment because they feel they don’t truly need it. A prisoner is given a comprehensive medical and mental health exam within fourteen days of entering our prison system they are then examined periodically thereafter . Unless a prisoner has a dental emergency they are seen within one year of their admission into prison and annually thereafter. So as I was researching this I had to ask myself if they are being mistreated when it comes to the medical attention that they receive and my answer is no. Prisons don’t violate the rights of a prisoner to seek medical help they are actually being seen and treated more than most American are. Our prison system and jails have certain duties and codes that they must follow to insure the safety of our prisoners. A correctional facility should be safe and orderly and should be run in a fair and lawful manner. Imprisonment should prepare prisoners to live law-abiding lives upon release. Correctional authorities should facilitate prisoners’ reintegration into free society by implementing appropriate conditions of confinement and by sustained planning for such reintegration. A correctional facility should maintain order and should protect prisoners from harm from other prisoners and staff. Restrictions placed on prisoners should be necessary and proportionate to the legitimate objectives for which those restrictions are imposed. Correctional authorities should respect the human rights and dignity of prisoners. No prisoner should be subjected to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or conditions. For a convicted prisoner, loss of liberty and separation from society should be the sole punishments imposed by imprisonment. For a prisoner not serving a sentence for a crime, the purpose of imprisonment should be to assure appearance of the prisoner at trial and to safeguard the public, not to punish. A correctional facility should be appropriately staffed. Correctional officials should implement internal processes for continually assessing and improving each correctional facility. A correctional facility should be monitored and regularly inspected by independent government entities. A lack of resources should not excuse treatment or conditions that violate prisoners’ constitutional or statutory rights. Governmental authorities should provide sufficient resources to implement these Standards. (Oxford 1995) They also have the sole duties of keeping are prisoners safe from any harm that they may encounter by doing the following. Each prisoner is entitled to humane and healthful living conditions; safety from harm, including protection from punitive or excessive force and protection from abuse by other prisoners and staff; freedom from staff harassment and invidious discrimination; freedom of religion and substantial freedom of expression; conditions conducive to maintaining healthy relationships with their families; opportunities to participate in constructive activity and  rehabilitative programs. We as American’s have constitutional rights that we all are protected from and a person who commits a crime against another person or society should be punished for it. Some of the punishments might be a little severe for the crime committed, but we do need to be held accountable for our actions. Our justice system is coming up with ways to keep petty offenders out of our prisons and by doing more policing in our cities is deterring criminals from committing crimes. Prison guards face numerous ethical dilemmas on the job. They need to be well connected to prisoners. An inmate may try to bribe them for better treatment or inmates may be abusive to guards for no reason. In both of these situations a guard must be able to treat all inmates equally.  They must be able to enforce prison rules firmly and consistently. This is something that should be done on a daily bases both while on duty and in his everyday life.

The Role of Women as Shown through Marriage Law Essay

The Role of Women as Shown through Marriage Law - Essay Example As the essay declares women have always suffered a subjugated role in all societies from the beginning of civilization, surviving records from several ancient societies reveal that women are only just now surpassing the freedoms afforded them centuries ago. Although the women of ancient Sumeria didn’t have quite the same freedoms experienced by women of the modern world, a look back through the laws of Assyria and the Old Testament reveal a gradual tightening of restrictions placed on women in reaction to either political or theological threats, eventually leading to near drudgery status for most women through history’s most imbalanced periods. This paper discusses that marriage laws within this code are very specific regarding the rights of the woman being almost equal to the rights of the man. For example, the bride’s family had to agree to the marriage by accepting the bride-price from the groom’s family. That the girl was a valued member of society is indicated in that this bride-price, along with a dowry provided by her family, went with her into her new marriage and remained her property for life. Underscoring the value of the bride to her family is the idea that the bride is always a member of her father’s house, regardless of to whom or how long she has been married. The code of King Hammurabi also provided for near equal chance to divorce. When the man opted to divorce the woman, she retained custody of any children and he had to pay the ancient day equivalent of child support.

TVR Journal Responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TVR Journal Responses - Essay Example For example, images in the Western media focused on the dazzling fireworks in the sky through carefully targeted bombing raids carried out by the US air force, while carefully editing out most images of civilians injured in the war. Dissenting opinions offered against the Iraq war were presented sparingly in the media during the initial stages of the war, since it became â€Å"unpatriotic† to discuss the negative aspects of the war. Public relations firms work to shape and influence public opinion and such firms were working on behalf of the Bush Presidency, carefully maintaining a pulse on public opinion, so that only those images favoring the Governmental view of the Iraq war appeared in the media. As opposed to this, media representation in the rest of the world condemned the American position and reported on civilian casualties, presenting a different picture altogether. Selective reporting, biased reporting or the manner in which certain issues are highlighted while others are glossed over can elevate or diminish the significance of an issue in the mind of the public. The media is therefore a very powerful tool for shaping public opinion. The advent of television was a landmark in the development of the media because it was able to transmit visual images as well as audio and written images. With the development of better technology, television programs have become more sophisticated. There are programs to suit every kind of taste and need, from news programs to movies to sports and cooking shows, shows for children, game shows and soap operas, all of which compete fiercely to grab high viewer ratings so that they can become more profitable with increased advertising. Corporate ownership of TV networks in America has created a trend where the integrity of journalistic reporting has been compromised. Since corporate entities seek to enhance their profits, they are not unduly concerned about the content of

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research task Paper

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander task - Research Paper Example The colonial rule developed new laws that segregated the minority groups from other Australians. Children were forced to abandon their culture and were subject to both physical and sexual abuse. In brief, the colonial period was a suffering period for the Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders and this had long-term impacts for this minority group. The colonial period contributed to the disorientation of the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders. During the pre-colonial period, this group was diverse and comprised of over 1 million people. A large number of this population died during the colonial rule and there was a significant reduction of the population. In the 2001 census, the population of the aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders was 458, 000 people, contributing to 2.4% of the total population in Australia (Garvey et al., 2011). Besides, their displacement during the colonial period made them lose their original habitats. Currently, they reside in the New South Wales and Queensland with scanty of land to settle in (Rose, 2000). A close evaluation indicates that the population of the Aboriginal people is growing at a slow rate, a fact related to the nature of the problems that they face today. In the post-colonial period, the discrimination of the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Island people is a common feature. The end of the colonial period was expected to be end of the suffering of the indigenous people. However, it is clear that the Europeans had already created a social difference between the people and the spirit of racism was already high. The Australian government was slow to enact social justice and hence the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander remained the weak race (Heffernan, Andersen & Kinner, 2009). They were discriminated by the other Australian races in all social spheres, which resulted to creation of enmity between the two

Ethics for toy industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics for toy industry - Essay Example wever, attractive and large though the business is, there are certain concerns associated with the safety standards used in the manufacture of toys and the health implications for their children. There is added concern for this as today the toys’ manufacturing units are located in far off offshore places with varying manufacturing standards (Becker, 2008). These concerns are based on several researches that have found toxic and harmful substances in popular toys. More recently, an environmental research group has found that in a sample of 15,000 toys taken from various toy stores across the US, 1 in 3 contained large amounts of lead, flame retardants and arsenic (Clifford, 2008). These toys were manufactured in the US, China and other parts of the world and freely available in the US, a fact that indicates that either there is lack of adequate legislation or that there is inadequate monitoring of the standards. There may be a lack of legislation that targets specific harmful s ubstances due to inadequate research or due to low public awareness about the harmful impacts of certain substances. For example, it is only recently that research and public opinion against the use of phthalates in toys has led to the development of laws covering this chemical. However, even in the case that there are not adequate legislation or enough public awareness, the continued use of substances like phthalates and lead cannot be justified by the toy manufacturers on an ethical ground.

Data warehouse and data mining in business Essay

Data warehouse and data mining in business - Essay Example The choice of the system depends on the firm’s priority the market is flexible and there is need to introduce a database system management that covers is adjustable. The need to develop and acquire information technology has revolutionized business. Market analysis refers to the study and acquisition of the market trends and activities associated with the market. When analyzing the market, the firm uses various methods. The most effective is data mining and various tools are used to facilitate it. Patterns are developed using data mining where graphic visualization combine with statistical analysis and refinement to produce the desired market tend or activity. The combination of the three provides for a pattern extraction from large sets of data which combine with various factors to provide emerge with a market analysis (Shaw et al, 2001). The method is also referred to as the dependency analysis. Where a relationship is drawn between the acquisition of goods and the client base of the same. This lay basis about the marketing strategies to be deployed by a given firm. It creates room for the firm to develop a strategy that dominates the market in relation to the buying power (Shaw, 1993). Marketers develop strategies that will ensure a steady market for their products. The approach gives room for a well-developed method where there is a balance between goods in that there is a continuity in supply in the market. It involves classifying customers into specified domain. The concept is to allow character summarization to be derived from a subset of data. A marketer always monitors customer trends by using the concept description. This domain and any change on preference identified and action plan taken to cover for the customers needs determine the nature of customers. The customer’s classification depends on various factors including age, gender, income and other social factors. In which different

Public Safety Administrator Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Safety Administrator Interview - Essay Example This was a civil commitment of convicted sexual offenders who had finished their prison-sentences. It was agreed that a public safety administrators be deployed in various parts of New Jersey The interview was therefore aimed at seeking to recruit an administrator to help combat crime and other inhuman act that were rampant in the region .The person that I interviewed was the police inspector from the Hammonton Township. He had the physical leadership qualities and the necessary skills for the job. I briefly spelt out his duties which were to liaise with the civil leaders, church leaders, police officers and coordinate them harmoniously to as to bring a lasting solution to the problem. The officer will be perpetually required to speak to the media, address public gatherings, recommend the hiving and firing decisions and manage the budget within his jurisdiction. I began by citing a case to him that appeared in the local dairies July 29 1994 where seven years old Megan was sexually assaulted and murdered a short distance from her home in New Jersey. Her neighbor Jesse was arrested and ultimately convicted of the crime. Jesse was a twice convicted sexual offender who had previously served time for fondling and then attempting to strange another seven year old girl. He shared the house across the street with other two convicted sexual offenders whom he had served jail term with but their neighbors were unaware of their prior criminal record with these I sought his views as to whether law enforcement officials should notify the community when sex offender moves in. To his views the convicted sexual offenders should be reporting at the new offices of the public safety administrator and should give out reliable address so that it would be easier to reach and apprehend them when necessary. Though notifying community members the presence of convicted sex offender would not prevent the offenders from re-offending he noted that this will be a positive move geared at curtailing the offences adding that the community would be very resourceful in the reforming exercise. We finally agreed that he was to be the New Jersey public safety administrator and he promised to improve the situation and to adhere to the laid down rules and regulations as per the job description 3. Historical Perspective Subject matter analysts have varied views and contribution on the case Simeon Schopf a writing and research editor looks at various objections research to Megan's law and concludes that in the balance of interests, such law are constitutional but Bonnie steinbock focus on moral issues posed by the notification statutes and argues that Megan's law fails to serve its ultimate goal- protecting children. 4. Conclusion To my view the community should be notified on those instances where it is deemed necessary to protect the public .The convicted sexual offenders should undergo some counseling after finishing their prison sentences so as to reform and stay away from criminal activities. The rehabilitation

Britain's conflict with the Mau Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Britain's conflict with the Mau - Essay Example I blame it on the period of occurrence since it is evident that most of the Mau Mau individuals were illiterate (Bradley, 1999). For this reason, they failed to see the significance of taking records on events happening during the time. According to David Anderson, he gave his figures on the number of casualties that faced judgment in relating to the crimes they committed, such as murder and rebellion against the laws set by the British government (Otero, 2010, p. 151). Many different authors such as Bernard Porter have different figures that contradict with David’s article ‘How Did They Get Away with It?’ (Porter, 2005, p. 2). The crimes committed during that time include murder of thousands of natives, the majority being the Kikuyu, brutal torture and unfair justice. The British Empire’s action towards the Kenyans was against human right (Howe, 2005, p. 138). For example, crimes such as forced labor, law wages and torture were against human rights. The co nsequences for such misguided actions include offering compensation to the family members of the Mau Mau group. In the article ‘Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World’ (2003), Niall Ferguson talks about the trial of Mau Mau suspects that was altered by either bribes or favourism. The United Nations branch in charge of protecting and defending human rights should have taken actions and let the British government face the consequences (Curtis, 2003, p. 127). For example, the consequences include facing the law, doing acts of contrition, providing health services to affected Mau Mau members and creating a memorandum of understanding with the Kenyan government and the Mau Mau (Slocum, 2005, p. 70). Analyze, evaluate and interpret complex abstract ideas and relate them to Britain's conflict with the Mau Mau In analyzing, evaluating and interpreting complex ideas, I come up with the idea that colonization was both beneficial and destructive. In relating it to Britainâ€⠄¢s conflict with Mau Mau, it is true that the British government introduced civilization, education, and large scale farming (Bradley, 1999). They improved infrastructure by constructing roads, buildings and industries that served as a source of employment to the Kikuyu and Mau Mau members. The benefits of the British colonization are innumerable and its effects are still witnessed currently since the country has progressed in international business and infrastructure (Porter, 2005, p. 4). On the contrary, the colonization had its negative impacts such as misery and suffering of the Mau Mau members, e.g., separation of family members since the men had to fight for the community (Berman and Lonsdale, 2002, p. 89). The number of deaths that were as a result of the colonization was astonishingly high since many individuals lost their lives fighting for freedom and their rights. Secondly, another idea I will bring forward is that democracy is essential when dealing with a large number of people. In relating this idea to the British conflict with Mau Mau, I believe that the British could have been welcomed peacefully if they could have used democracy as a tool for ruling (Branch, 2009, p. 54). Democracy allows people to choose policies, leaders, and regulations that would govern them.