Infection Control Essay free essay sample

This reflective essay is based upon my experience working alongside the Infection Prevention and Control Support Nurses at the general hospital. As part of my learning experience as a 2nd year student nurse is to accompany the infection control nurses when visiting the wards The role of the IPCSN involved teaching, educating and advising all disciplines across the Trust, monitoring outbreaks and daily surveillance. I will structure this essay using Gibbs Model of Reflection (Gibbs 1988). Reflective learning helps practitioners analyse their experiences and how they think and feel about them before deciding whether they would approach the situation in a different way next time. In order to maintain confidentiality at all times for the patient and of any staff members I will adhere to the NMC Code of Professional Conduct (NMC 2008). Therefore any names used in this essay are fictional. The Health Act states: ‘Effective prevention and control of Health Care Associated Infections (HCAIs) have to be embedded into everyday practice and applied consistently by everyone’ (Department of Health [DH], 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Infection Control Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hospitals and other care providers are legally required to implement this code of practice within their organisations. Most common infections occur as a result of people taking various antibiotics and being in close contact with each other, such as hospitals and nursing homes (NHS 2010). Attention to good hand hygiene measures should be observed during outbreaks. It is very important that staff and patients wash their hands with soap and water Health Protection Agency (2010). Compliance with hand hygiene is only maintained by constantly reminding staff of it and monitoring their performance. The ayliffe technique is recommended for nursing staff especially after direct contact with patients who are ill (Ayliffe 2000) and the use of wearing protective clothing of disposable apron and gloves making sure they are changed and hands washed between patients. The infection prevention and control protocol’s include the use of protective clothing, environmental cleaning and decontamination and disposal guidelines for items that have been in contact with the patient. Risk assessment is also important (Coia et al 2006). The infection prevention and control team (IPCT) was informed by a medical ward that several patients had had episodes of diarrhoea and vomiting. Norovirus is a common form of viral gastroenteritis that occurs during winter month’s and is highly infectious (NHS 2010). The symptoms of norovirus include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and high fever (NHS 2010). This alerted the IPCT therefore there was a need to investigate and assess the situation fully and a ward visit was required. I went along to the affected ward to observe the assessment with my mentor Helen, where two patients there may have developed norovirus the symptoms they present with diarrhoea and vomiting which has escalated during the last six hours, the IPCSN asked the staff nurse if samples had been obtained for collection of the suspected patient’s faeces and vomit the nurse was not aware of the policy. Patients with norovirus are usually isolated in a single room as they are classed as contagious the incubation period is 24-48 hours. Patients need to remain isolated for 72 hours after symptoms have subsided. Hense, in this case there were no single rooms available therefore the suspected patient’s are nursed in the affected bay and a caution is put on that bay to any new admissions NHS (2010). Following the next episode of diarrhoea and/or vomiting samples are required to detect Norovirus and once collected they must immediately be sent to the virology laboratory for investigation. Helen gave the nurse a norovirus resource pack put together by the IPCT which contains an outbreak action plan and checklist to be implemented and for other staff to read which will advise staff of the isolation precaution and give guidance on managing the infection and the affected patients were given information leaflets about the illness. Staff were advised to encourage fluids especially with the patient’s suspected with nurovirus and commence them on a Bristol stool chart in order to monitor the diarrhoea a food chart and fluid balance chart to keep a record of the input and output. By documenting the information correctly enables nurses adhere to the NMC code for good record keeping (NMC 2009) who recommend that stating the date, time, signing and printing alongside is good practice. On reflection I have learned by being with the IPCT the importance of sending samples off when the first episode of diarrhoea and vomiting occurs leasing with team members. The IPCT emphasises prompt screening of suspecting patients for a norovirus as early detection of the signs can prevent an outbreak on the ward. I have become aware that the mode of transmission of norovirus means it is not always possible to avoid becoming infected (Nursing Times 2011). The trust provides mandatory training to inform nursing staff on the most recent infection control measures in practice. Hence, good hygiene and the isolation of infected individuals can limit the spread. Good communication is important with all visitors and staff, including cleaners. However, everybody who has contact with the patient or the environment is entitled to relevant information that will enable them to reduce the risks of transmission to themselves or others. I can now see that this situation could have been avoided if samples had been sent for screening earlier. However, the results of screening tests take some time becoming available on the database and failure in communication can prevent the results reaching the wards promptly. During my nurse training I have learned about the common hospital acquired infections (HCAI) meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureaus (MRSA), clostridium ifficile  (c-diff) and norovirus, but now I know that there are many more micro-organisms that the IPCT have to record and monitor when arise at times the IPCT have to report the situation to the department of health. I have gained a lot of experience from this placement regarding Infection control and I now have a broad range of knowledge of which I will pass on to future colleagues and junior staff.

Alberta College of Art and Design †Example Essay

Alberta College of Art and Design – Example Essay Free Online Research Papers Alberta College of Art and Design Example Essay Going to a prestigious art school after graduation is something I dreamt about since eighth grade. To me, Art is more than just an interest; it has been a great influence and a source of motivation in my life. My goals consist of trying to improve more on my artistic skill and professional training. When I was in grade ten, I was offered the great privilege of attending a fine arts school. In the past three years of education at this fine arts school, my passion for visual art has flourished. I have made significant progress during this time as I have learned more about technical skills and art’s history than I have ever previously in my life. It provided me with the confidence and assurance to pursue a career related to visual art. Moreover, I have a very strong passion towards photography; from landscape, abstract to fashion photography as well as strong technical skills in printing both black / white and color prints. I believe The Alberta College of Art and Design will prepare me for a future in my chosen career. After graduation I envision a life full of opportunity, confidence and success. The knowledge I gain from attending college will be applied to both the technical and the professional training necessary for me to have confidence in the work field. This confidence will have a big impact on my work and if I believe in myself then I can produce high quality works of art. With this as my foundation, I plan to succeed in my future career. By success I hope to seek a job that is satisfying and rewarding. This does not necessarily mean earning a large sum of money. Even though, sometimes it can be stressful and risky, I believe that I will enjoy my work because that is something I love to do. It is something I can put my heart and soul into because I feel happy when I am doing it. My career goal is to find a job in the advertising field, something that would allow me to utilize my skills in commercial art. Therefore, I intend to study visual communication design. After I graduation, my plan is to work in the United States for few years in order to gain some on the job experience. After that I would like to go to either China or Japan to seek a stable career. I believe the school can help me pursue my goals after graduation. With the help of The Alberta College of Art and Design my dream can finally become true. Research Papers on Alberta College of Art and Design EssayAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayOpen Architechture a white paperHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameStandardized TestingIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Project Managment Office SystemPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Crown Prosecution Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Crown Prosecution Service - Essay Example From the report it is clear that CPS as a body has its beliefs. It operates by helping to deliver justice across England and Wales. It ensures that it prosecute crime independently and effectively. The body is charged with guidance and leadership provision within a criminal justice system especially due to the radical changes the system may be undergoing. The organization maintains a mission statement that states its’ first and foremost priority . It believes in delivering justice through the independent and effective prosecution of crime. It also fosters a culture of excellence through initiating support and fostering better results every time. The organization has some set of maintained values. The values include being independent and fair hence the organization aims at prosecuting crime independently, without bias. As the dicussion stresses CPS is charged with four main duties since its inception. These duties include making decisions on what offences should be charged. The y are also responsible for reviewing cases. Case review is done in order to ensure that there is sufficient evidence in order to carry forward with the case presentation . They are also charged with being responsible for the cases. These cases are passed to them from the police for further action. The final responsibility is conducting the prosecutions of cases in the magistrates and Crowns courts . The creation of CPS aimed at ensuring that an independent body was put in place to present all the evidence collected by police in courts.

Research Managing behavior in organization Essay

Research Managing behavior in organization - Essay Example 5 1- Leadership †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 2- Job-satisfaction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 3- Turnover intention †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Literature review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Leadership styles †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Correlation between leadership style and job satisfaction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 Transformational Leadership: Positively impacting job-satisfaction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Personality characteristics between lea dership style and job †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 Research methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 Explanatory research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 Research Process †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15 Observation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 Data gathering and Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 Developing Hypothesis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 Major findings †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 Leadership styles and job satisfaction correlated †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ... Business organizations are social systems that require efficient leaders to lead others, especially in today’s highly complex business contexts as businesses face tremendous challenges including globalization of markets, rapid technological advances, hostile takeovers, economic uncertainty etc. One of the very significant factors determining business success is employee satisfaction as well as their performance and therefore most businesses in recent days give greater emphasis on those leadership strategies that can foster employee satisfaction and thus to retain and attract high-performing employees. Leadership is essentially a highly-valued commodity. Most management and business experts ask themselves what makes good leaders and which leadership quality keeps employees more satisfied. A manager or a leader can perhaps manage a single event in different ways, but it is highly important that this should never bring adverse impacts on employee performance and their satisfactio n in order to ensure they fully cooperate in doing the tasks. Research Contexts As business environments are becoming more turbulent and rigorously competitive, it is critical that businesses adopt management and leadership strategies that can lead to large scale changes. Transformational change, reengineering and quality management are some of the recent developments (Politis, 2005, p. 203) that suggest large-scale changes with people-centered ideology so that growing issues like employee dissatisfaction, stress, employee turnover can be effectively addressed and managed. Leadership is an important organizational element that plays vital role in business success. As it

An Overview of Art Historical Movements and their Effect on the Movies Research Paper

An Overview of Art Historical Movements and their Effect on the Movies - Research Paper Example This is an American animation kid’s film. There is a lot of martial arts influence in the animation, which makes it different from previous films of its kind. It is however similar to some American film structures, for example, the TV Series Smallville. In this film, the main character, Clark Kent, is also sent to earth with a specific mission. In his quest to fulfil his mission, a character is developed, other characters come in, and a long TV series is formed with varying episodes. Currently, American films are so much influenced by martial arts. Samurai Jack is an American film based on a Japanese story. The presence of martial arts is, therefore, not a surprise, but it is an indication of the acceptance of martial arts, and its influence in American films. Martial art has been shown as a necessary skill in fighting evil (Schehr 102). The film is a sub-genre of animation, an animated children’s film. These sub-genres are designed for specific age demographic and the young. They usually explore the incredible world (Jenkins 7). This is exactly what Samurai Jack is all about. Jack is a superhero who travels around the world to learn different forms of combat. He is the only person with the powers to stop a shape shifting wizard. This is a world of fantasy, for all that Jack is portrayed as capable of, are exaggerated. The story, like any other animated children films, is centred on a leading role that has to fight in a scenario of good over evil (Jenkins 9). Jack has to fight the main villain, Aku, and other evil people that he comes across in his journey to fulfil his mission (Walt Cartoon). Samurai Jack Meets Wong Fei Hung episode. Almost everything is a replicate of scenes as seen in other martial arts movies. Wong Fei Hung is shown sitting down in a position similar to all other martial art teachers. The

Effects of Hypnosis on Pain Reduction

Effects of Hypnosis on Pain Reduction Psychology is defined â€Å"as the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes† (Coon Mitterer, 2012, p.14). One of the widely circulated common sense beliefs is that hypnosis is a technique that is useful in reducing a person’s perception of pain. Hypnosis is â€Å"an altered state of consciousness characterized by narrowed attention and increased suggestibility† (Coon Mitterer, 2012, p. 221). The history of hypnosis originated from the 1700s when an Austrian doctor Franz Mesmer tried to use magnets to cure illnesses and this technique is called animal magnetism (Oon, 2008). Animal magnetism is similar to hypnosis as both depend on providing suggestions (Waterfield, 2002). It was then by English surgeon James Braid which the term hypnosis comes to light where he associated hypnosis with sleep (Coon Mitterer, 2012). Nevertheless, in today’s context, people do know that hypnosis is not about sleeping. One of the important aspects of hypnosis is ba sic suggestion effect (Coon Mitterer, 2012). Basic suggestion effect happens when one do things out of others’ suggestions rather than its own will (Coon Mitterer, 2012). Hypnosis uses basic suggestion effect to assuage the pain experienced by one. As such, it is indubitable that hypnosis can be used as an effective mean to relieve pain. Hypnosis can be a mean to relieve the pain experienced during medical procedure. A research study shows that hypnosis can effectively assuage the pain one has to go through during medical treatment. Butler, L.D., Symons, B. K., Henderson, S. L., Shortliffe, L. D., and Spiegel, D. (2005) carried out an experiment with children that have to undergo voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). This experiment consisted of two groups, the control group of 23 children and the experimental group of 21 children (Butler et al., 2005). The former being children that had undergone routine care which were the outline and the demonstration of the entire process and the latter being children that undergone hypnosis in which they would have to practice hypnotising themselves numerous times a day before the next VCUG session (Butler et al., 2005). Children in the experimental group were also told to imagine themselves in their preferred places which were then associated with the VCUG treatment (Butler et al., 2005). Children from both groups must have attended at least one VCUG session before (Butler et al., 2005). The results obtained were from the level of pain felt by the children during the process, parents’ evaluation of their child’s degree of fearfulness as compared to the previous session, the research assistant’s (RA) interpretation of the children’s level of distress during the procedure and the smoothness and time taken for the procedure assessed by the radiologist and radiology technician (Butler et al., 2005). The results of the experiment showed that the pain experienced by both groups of children was similar (Butler et al., 2005). However, parents from the experiment group generally find the procedure less daunting for their child after the hypnotism session as compared to the control group (Butler et al., 2005). Similarly, the RA and the medical staffs conceded that the children in the experimental group experienced less pain and the procedure was smoother than those from the control group respectively (Butler et al., 2005). The time taken for the children in the experimental group to complete the procedure was also about 14 minutes shorter than the children in the control group (Butler et al., 2005). This experiment goes to show that hypnosis can be an effective mean to relieve the pain one perceive during medical treatment. Pain can be alleviated by hypnosis (Keefe, Abernethy, Campbell, 2005). Experiment has shown that hypnosis is effectual in relieving the pain experienced by one during post-care treatment. In one experiment, hypnosis was used to find out if pain suffered during burn wound treatment can be assuaged (Askay, Patterson, Jensen, Sharar, 2007). This experiment consisted of the control group and experimental group (Askay et al., 2007). The experimental group consisted of 27 patients and underwent hypnosis by a trained psychologist whereas the control group consisted of 19 patients but did not receive hypnosis and were only briefed on the procedure (Askay et al., 2007). The control group were also given a recording to listen to aid them in the wound changing process (Askay et al., 2007). The results were obtained from questionnaire done after the treatment (Askay et al., 2007). The results from the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) showed that the patients from the experimental group exper ienced lesser pain from previous treatment than those of the control group (Askay et al., 2007). However, other evaluations did not show a significant differences in the results (Askay et al., 2007). Askay et al. (2007) concluded that SF-MPQ focused on several elements of pain rather than only on one (Askay et al., 2007). As a matter of fact, hypnosis can be a way to relieve pain. Pain experienced after surgery can also be alleviated by hypnosis. Research has shown that the pain experienced by one after surgery can be reduced by hypnosis. Oakley, D.A., Whitman, L.G., and Halligan, P.W. (2002) showed that hypnosis can relieve the pain experienced after amputation from the phantom limb. Phantom limb is the illusion of having intact limbs even after the amputation and some might even experience pain from the amputated limb and this pain perceived by one is known as Phantom limb pain, PLP (Ramachandran Hirstein, 1998). A 76 year old woman, Mrs D, had an amputation from the right leg to the knee but only felt the PLP after two years and has tried different means to lessen the pain thereafter but all to no avail (Oakley et al., 2002). After she undergone imaginative hypnotism, the pain at her ankle had entirely disappeared (Oakley et al., 2002). The hypnosis sessions she undergone related the pain to her imagination in which she saw a sculpture which was shaped by hitting with hammer (Oakley et al., 2002). She was then asked to relate the hammering to her own ankle and the pain had eventually evanished as she imagined sending the weary man away which was all along, hammering her ankle, causing all the pain (Oakley et al., 2002). Mrs D then experienced pain from her toes but this time round, hypnosis was not of a big help to relieve the pain felt at her toes (Oakley et al., 2002). Despite that, the pain that has subsided did not recurred even after three months (Oakley et al., 2002). In addition, Oakley et al. (2002) have also used the imaginary hypnotism approach on 5 other individuals and they were also reported to have felt significant decrease in the level of pain or even no pain experienced after hypnosis sessions (Oakley et al, 2002). Therefore, this experiment justify that hypnosis effectively reduces post-surgical pain. To conclude, hypnosis is capable of reducing the pain one experienced, regardless during or after surgery. As such, the field of hypnosis can be further explored to aid medical treatments to obtain surpassing medical results than before. Albeit hypnosis is proven to alleviate pain, psychology cannot be concluded as common sense as it requires to be supported by scientific research. References Askay, S. W., Patterson, D. R., Jensen, M. P., Sharar, S. R. (2007, August). A randomized  controlled trial of hypnosis for burn wound care. Rehabilitation Psychology, 52(3), 247-253. Butler, L.D., Symons, B. K., Henderson, S. L., Shortliffe, L. D., Spiegel, D. (2005, January).  Hypnosis reduces distress and duration of an invasive medical procedure for children. Pediatrics, 115(1), e77-e85. Retrieved May 31, 2014, from EBSCOHost. Coon, D. Mitterer, J. O. (2012). Introduction to Psychology: Active learning through modules  (12th ed.). China: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Coon, D. Mitterer, J. O. (2012). Introduction to Psychology: Active learning through modules  (12th ed.). China: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.   Coon, D. Mitterer, J. O. (2012). Introduction to Psychology: Active learning through modules  (12th ed.). China: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Keefe, F. J., Abernethy, A. P., Campbell, L. C. (2005). Psychological approaches tounderstanding and treating disease-related pain. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 601-630. Oakley, D.A., Whitman, L.G., Halligan, P.W. (2002, June). Hypnotic imagery as a treatment  for phantom limb pain: two case reports and a review. Clinical Rehabilitation, 16, 368-377. Oon, Z. H. (2008). A critical presentation of the life and work of Franz Anton Mesmer MD and its  influence on the development of hypnosis. European Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 8(1), 32-40. Ramachandran, V. S., Hirstein, W. (1998). The perception of phantom limbs: The D. O. Hebb  lecture. Brain, 121, 1603-1630. Waterfield, R. (2002). Hidden depths: The story of hypnosis. London: Macmillan   Name: Lim Su WenClass: T04Student ID: S10156753

Online Dating Essay -- Internet Cyberspace Technology Essays

Online Dating The Internet has always seemed like a completely separate world, very different from reality. There seemed to be so many endless possibilities. One is the new online dating craze, which has caught my attention a number of times. One rainy afternoon, curled up in a blanket at my computer chair, I decided to investigate it. I learned that as many of the baby-boomers start to become widowed or divorced, many are looking for mates, along with many others who are looking for companionship. With the new Internet-Age, many of these individuals turn to their computer to find someone. Online relationships are a growing phenomenon in the United States as well as internationally. After doing some research I could not develop an opinion on how I felt about this new trend. I found a group of specialists who had devoted some researching to it and I invited them over for dinner to find what their opinions were and why. I wanted only the best, the most opinionated, and the most interested in the topic to come and join me for dinner. I wanted to ignite a conversation that would involve many different views about the subject. I decided on three people to invite to my feast. First, I chose Robin Eisner, who works for ABC, and has studied the effects of spending time on the Internet. Next, I chose Laura Koss-Feder, who had interviewed several online couples and understands some of the positive and negative attributes of online dating. I also invited Erica D. Rowell for her knowledge and the studies she has done on online dating. About a week before they all came to dinner, I began to plan what I would make. After having talked to each of them several times on the telephone, I could tell they may de... ...et them up on, but they often do not develop into anything. They are often surrounded by married couples and may not know a lot of single people, so dating can be very difficult. In their loneliness, they turn to the Internet for companionship. Many may go just to look for a friend, but often they might end up meeting someone they want to date (par. 3). I think this is great for older people since they are often wiser so they know who to trust and are more careful when disclosing information to people online. They know they cannot trust just anybody. Younger people, who have not dated much or have not experienced true love, might fall for the words of another online, and this cold lead to disastrous effects. I would not advise anybody my age to date online, but for some older people I think it might be a great way to meet people as long as they are careful.

Understanding The Complexities Of Life Education Essay

My schooling and college was really of import factor in determining my calling. Excellent classs in board scrutinies, 83 % in 10th class and 82 % in 12th class, ever kept me in top 5 % of the school. Excellent module, which ever focused on the basicss, motivated me to analyze harder and with complete apprehension of the topic. In my college, I became peculiarly interested in the field of Biology as I was ever amazed by the diverseness and complexness of life around me ; I chose to analyze biological science in more item. I chose Biotechnology as my major for my bachelor'sA grade ( B.Sc. ) along with chemical science and fauna as bush leagues. Biotechnology helped me understand applied biological science in great inside informations. I besides attended an on occupation developing under Annual Biotechnology Training plan at Haffkin Institute, Mumbai where I got more exposure to practical biotechnology, different biophysical techniques and instrumentality. Parallel to all this, I was be sides interested in computing machines right from my school yearss. A class on programming in C, gave me an chance to larn computing machine scheduling and its applications. Having heard of bioinformatics as a combination of biological science and computing machines, I applied for and got selected through big figure of applications to go to a workshop on bioinformatics at Indian Institute of Technology ( IIT ) , Mumbai. Here, I was introduced to power of computing machines to reply inquiries in biological science. My apprehension of biological science, love towards computing machines and penetration into the universe of bioinformatics and its applications through my course of study and the workshop worked as a strong motive for me to take the specialisation for my maestro ‘s grade. I determined to prosecute my farther surveies in the field of bioinformatics and computational biological science with an purpose of utilizing potencies of computing machine systems and of recent pr omotions in the field of information engineering in order to analyze biological science with more easiness and at accelerated rate. I was selected to prosecute my Maestro of Science ( MSc ) in bioinformatics at Bioinformatics Centre, University of Pune, India, through a countrywide entryway scrutiny. I was ranked 8th from around 1000 appliers who appeared for the trial. My systematically good public presentation in entryway trial and in subsequent semesters made me eligible for Prof G. N. Ramchandran family and Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India scholarship to prosecute my maestro ‘s degree instruction. Bioinformatics Centre is one of the Prime Minister institutes in India which is renowned for its part in the bioinformatics research and in developing good bioinformatics human resource. Two old ages of strict preparation in bioinformatics taught me a batch about this astonishing merger of biological scientific disciplines and information scientific disciplines. I was introduced to different computing machine scheduling linguistic communications and resources for application development in bioinformatics . Classs in biological science, computing machines and accent on their appropriate integrating made me believe of biological science in a really different and unconventional mode. In our 2nd semester, we had a capable Structural Biology and Molecular Modeling ( SBMM ) , where we were introduced to bio-macromolecular constructions with a computational and biophysical position. With the survey for this peculiar class, I became more focussed on my country of involvement. Surveies of structural biological science of proteins were truly an interesting portion of my course of study. Eminent scientists from different national research institutes gave us penetrations into the structural biological science of different biomolecules. I can non travel without adverting names of some of my instructors, Prof Ashok Kolaskar ( adviser, OHSL, USA and adviser, Internet2 ) , Dr. Dhananjay Bhattacharyya ( Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics ) , Dr. Raja Banerjee ( West Bengal University of Technology ) , Dr. Uddhavesh Sonawane ( C-DAC ) , Prof P. V. Balaji ( IIT, Mumbai ) to call a few. My first research experience in the field of Bioinformatics was my maestro ‘s degree research undertaking under the counsel Dr. Pramod Wangikar in his Bio-systems Engineering Lab at Chemical Engineering section of Indian Institute of Technology ( IIT ) , Mumbai. Though it was non straight connected to my country of involvement, it gave me insights into how research methodological analysis works for computational biological science. Here I worked with analysis of regulative elements of cyanobacteria- Synechocystis as a little portion of big systems biological science undertaking traveling on in his lab. This undertaking, as a whole, was taking towards constructing a systemic theoretical account of Synechocystis. My part was to use microarray informations for cistron look of all Synechocystis cistrons and written text factor adhering site analysis in order to footnote some of the cistrons. I could foretell the map of two cistrons which found to be related to photosynthetic tract but were unknown boulder clay day of the month. I got familiar with the existent life applications of different tools and techniques that I had studied earlier. From here, I determined to prosecute my calling in the research field and contribute as per my capablenesss to the scientific community. After MSc, I worked under the counsel of Prof Valadi Jayaraman from Center for Development of Advanced Computing ( C-DAC ) , India. I worked with Prof Jayaraman on short term undertaking titled Prediction of RNA adhering proteins utilizing random woods. His first-class counsel and my difficult work contributed to my apprehension of machine acquisition applications in biological science and utilizing information from biological constructions for better apprehension of the biological procedures. The undertaking involved extraction of of import characteristics from the RNA adhering sphere of many RNA binding proteins and developing the random forest classifier to do accurate anticipations about RNA adhering belongingss of unknown proteins. This once more provided me with a really utile technique of machine acquisition for work outing jobs in biological science and besides enhanced my accomplishments of computing machine programming for existent life applications. Parallel to this work with Prof Jayaraman, I besides worked in an industry, Persistent Systems Limited, Pune as Domain Analyst, where I learnt a batch about industrial position of bioinformatics and recent IT advancements assisting bioinformatics grow. It gave me an chance to form my ideas, represent myself professionally and to larn clip and resource direction. I worked on supplying preparation and support to many of US universities, our clients, for caTissue clinical information sciences application. But my passion and finding for making research prepared my head to go forth industry and carry out research. I applied for the station of Research Associate at Bioinformatics Centre, University of Pune. I got selected after strict interview procedure by an elegant panel under the Centre of Excellence ( CoE ) grant of Dept. of Biotechnology ( DBT ) , Govt. of India. Here I started working on some of the authorities funded undertakings. I worked on â€Å" Understanding the mechanism of anisomycin induced activation of p38 MAP kinase utilizing computational attack † under the high counsel of Dr. Sangeeta Sawant. Anisomycin is an antibiotic, which besides activates p38 MAP kinase, an of import constituent of signal transduction. But no information is available on how precisely it binds to and activates p38 MAP kinase. I attempted to execute molecular docking surveies and molecular kineticss simulation experiments. This work resulted in happening out putative binding site for anisomycin on p38 MAPK and in understanding different molecular interactions taking topographic point at the inter face of these two molecules. I learnt a batch about structural belongingss of proteins and power of MD Simulations to research mechanisms underlying cellular procedures. I used Amber molecular kineticss simulation bundle extensively to transport out the simulations. Another undertaking was â€Å" Analyzing the comparative stablenesss of conformational antigenic determinants: a instance survey of muramidase † , which was carried out under the counsel of Dr. Sangeeta Sawant and Dr. Urmila Kulkarni-Kale. This survey was carried out to understand the comparative stablenesss of single antigenic determinants and happening out antigenic determinants which might retain their stableness during their processing. We could back up the hypothesis that such antigenic determinants do be and can be identified. Possible application of this survey would be in placing possible drug/vaccine marks. We used blossoming simulation technique to analyze the phenomenon. I am happy to province that a po rtion of this work was presented with batch of grasp at International Conference on Biomolecular Forms and Functions, held at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and complete work is in concluding phases of its entry for publication. Both these undertakings equipped me with a needed attitude to transport out research and believe in a logical and rational manner to come to a solution. It made my foundations about structural biological science, biophysical chemical science and computing machine simulations stronger than they were. Currently I am keeping the same place and seeking to take my work to a logical terminal. Presently, I am besides involved in the development of Chemical Reaction Optimization ( CRO ) based cistron choice algorithm under the counsel of Prof Valadi Jayaraman of C-DAC, Pune. This undertaking work, which had merely started, is using my scheduling and bioinformatics accomplishments to plan and implement cistron choice algorithm utilizing CRO, a late proposed optimisation technique. I besides served as a sing module of bioinformatics for biotechnology pupils at Ruia College, Mumbai, which prepared me for my sphere capable with more duties. It helped me to go more confident and responsible to do others understand bioinformatics in a elusive mode. Teaching microarray informations analysis at University of Pune, Pune and Patkar College, Mumbai besides helped my instruction accomplishments grow. I besides organized and conducted a four twenty-four hours workshop on bioinformatics for life scientists at Ruia College. Success of this workshop and positive response from the participant made me confident about my organisational accomplishments. I have attended big figure of conferences and workshops, have presented my work at national degree conferences therefore have had changeless updates about new kingdom of biological research. I besides appeared for BioInformatics National Certification ( BINC ) scrutiny, conducted by Dept. of Biotechnology ( DBT ) , Govt. of India , to prove the ability of bioinformatics human resource and certify and congratulate really few of them who deserve to be good bioinformaticians. This test is of import in manner that it holds three documents, two usual aim and theory inquiries which test your capable cognition and one practical session which examines your ability to compose computing machine plans for bioinformatics. I was awarded BINC enfranchisement with All India Rank ( AIR ) 14 and besides a family to prosecute farther research in the field. BINC enfranchisement boosted my assurance about my cognition of bioinformatics. I besides have received grasp from module for good computing machine scheduling and presently I am involved in development of a plan suit for incorporating phyletic analysis package tools to fix an machine-controlled grapevine. Proteins, indispensable biomolecules, are the workhorses of all the cellular maps. Their features and maps are chiefly attributed to their third construction. Always amazed by the manner this machinery works ; I am interested to work on structural bioinformatics of proteins and their interactions with other molecules. My primary research involvements continue to be in the development of fresh methodological analysiss to understand mechanisms underlying cellular procedures. There are many other research countries in structural biological science which involvement me like molecular mold and molecular kineticss simulation, algorithm development and executions, protein construction development, understanding the protein-protein interactions, anticipation of protein construction all of which are interlinked in a manner or other. I have been introduced to protein construction by high panel of scientists working in this country, and that has elevated my involvements to a greater tallness and inspired me to prosecute research in the same. My twelvemonth long research experience in the field of molecular kineticss simulations and molecular moorage, in order to understand the mechanisms of biological procedures and for easing vaccinum development hold given me needed experience. Besides, it introduced me to some of the restrictions and demands of bing methods of protein construction analysis. One of my research involvements is to come up with a newer representation of protein construction for usage in molecular kineticss simulation. Currently available methods require truly thorough calculation power as it involves tremendous computations on each and every atom of the system. It takes immense sum of clip on simple machines to run a molecular kineticss simulation. While working with assorted simulations, I have ob served that inexplicit solvent theoretical accounts can be good mark to accomplish this end. There is a demand to better these theoretical accounts in such a manner that they will come close expressed solvent simulations in a better manner. One of the ways in which it might work is deducing forms of interactions from expressed solvent systems and integrating them in inexplicit dissolver theoretical accounts. Current inexplicit dissolver theoretical accounts include theoretical consequence of solvent molecules but we could better these theoretical accounts by presenting non merely distance dependance, but besides clip dependent solvent interactions. It means that we could present consequence of existent dissolver system at specific clip intervals by adding some solvent molecules and redefine the theoretical account after each interval therefore propagating the alterations brought approximately by solvent molecules. Another research country which entreaties me most is protein construction anticipation. Looking back in the history of bioinformatics, tremendous attempts have been taken to understand and foretell protein construction, which in bend imparts map to the protein. Our limited success even after such tremendous attempts illustrates why protein construction anticipation is known as Holy Grail of bioinformatics. Though I have had no experience in the country, I find it really interesting country to work upon and use my cognition of protein chemical science, machine acquisition and computing machine scheduling and algorithms to lend to the field. As we look at the of import mileposts in the history of computing machine scientific discipline, we can see distinguishable markers in the development of unreal intelligence. On one manus, biological science is researching expertness from assorted subjects to be utilized in biological research and on the other manus, techniques in computing machine scientific discipline have of all time since widened their pertinence sphere. With this, my profound involvement in computing machines and my passion for biological science has widened my research ends to applications of machine larning techniques in bioinformatics and computational biological science. I have strong experience in utilizing support vector machines and random forest classifiers for work outing simple biological jobs and I wish to travel farther and assist work out much more complex jobs utilizing machine acquisition. Currently I am involved in the development of chemical reaction optimisation ( CRO ) based cistron choice alg orithm. My primary involvement in this country is foretelling accurate ligand adhering sites on a protein construction. Current ligand adhering site anticipation algorithms work on rather generalised rules like geometry based, energy based etc. I strongly think that protein pit sensing for proper ligand binding should be based on more empirical rules and cognition should be brought in from big figure of known protein pits and ligands. Categorization of proteins and ligand into several categories and qualifying each category on certain belongingss seems indispensable to me before using any generalised ligand adhering site anticipation algorithm. Another facet that I would wish to research is protein turn uping and kineticss. Most of the attempts we have made understand an indispensable procedure of protein turn uping property it to the built-in belongingss of proteins, but many of the experimental consequences have shown that many other factors in the cell contribute to the protein turn uping procedure. Chaperons, microenvironment, different ions besides play a function. I would wish to travel a measure further and seek to garner all these factors together in a computational paradigm and seek understand turn uping in better mode. Folding of a protein, which is important measure in finding its maps and interactions, will assist in developing new drug marks and interventions for assorted diseases. These are some of the jobs I would wish to work upon. My long clip calling ends are to set up myself as a research worker in the field of protein scientific discipline and contribute as per my capablenesss to the society. I besides want to be invariably indulged in learning biological science, as I truly bask learning and sharing my cognition. Besides it makes me more confident with the topic I teach. With my preparation and experiences, and my research and calling ends, I need a suited topographic point where I can use my cognition and experience to develop my thoughts further and set them to people ‘s usage. While seeking for such environment, I was peculiarly attracted by a really fresh plan in Mathematical, Computational and Systems Biology at University of California, Irvine. Amazing blend of first-class research workers from assorted subjects would certainly do a difference. That ‘s why I decided to use at UCI. I am peculiarly interested in the work of Ray Luo.

Looks Can Be Deceiving Essays - Logic, Philosophy, Abstraction

Looks Can Be Deceiving Essays - Logic, Philosophy, Abstraction Looks Can Be Deceiving Looks Can Be Deceiving Paradoxes are sometimes composed of contradictory ideas presented together, ultimately leading to an unworkable situation. Paradoxes, however, are not simply ambiguous questions. Paradoxes are the essence of the inherent complexity of systems (Internet 1). Each paradox must be analyzed and clearly understood before it can be explained. Since mathematics is, in a sense, a universal language, certain paradoxes and contradictions have arisen that have troubled mathematicians, dating from ancient times to the present. Some are false paradoxes; that is, they do not present actual contradictions, and are merely slick logic tricks. Others have shaken the very foundations of mathematics requiring brilliant, creative mathematical thinking to resolve. Others remain unresolved to this day, but are assumed to be solvable. One recurring theme concerning paradoxes is that each of them can be solved to some degree of satisfaction, but are never completely conclusive. In other words, new answers wil l likely replace older ones, in an attempt to solidify the answer and clarify the problem. A paradox can be defined as an unacceptable conclusion derived by apparently acceptable reasoning from apparently acceptable premises. This essay provides an introduction to a range of paradoxes and their possible solutions. In addition, a questionnaire was composed in order to demonstrate the extent of knowledge that the general population has pertaining to paradoxes. Paradoxes are useful things, despite their mind-boggling appearance. Generally, however, most paradoxes can be solved by searching for specific properties that they may contain. Therefore, if you try to describe a situation and you end up with a paradox (contradictory outcome), it usually means that the theory is wrong, or the theory or the definitions break down along the way. Also, it is possible that the situation cannot possibly occur, or the question may simply be meaningless for some other reason. Any of these possibilities are relevant, and if you exhaust all the possible interpretations, one of them should prove to be incorrect (Internet 1). The following type of paradox is called Simpsons Paradox. This paradox involves an apparent contradiction, because when the data are presented one way, one particular conclusion is inferred. However, when the same data are presented in another form, the opposite conclusion results. Paradox 1: Acceptance Percentages for College A and College Chart 1 Section A Section B Accepted Rejected Total Percent Accepted Accepted Rejected Total Percent Passing Women 400 250 650 61% 50 300 350 14% Men 50 25 75 67% 125 300 425 29% Total 450 275 725 175 600 775 As is evident in Chart 1, when the data are presented in two separate tables, it looks as if men are accepted more often than women, because in each case (College A and College B), men are accepted at a higher ratio than women. However, when the same data are combined into one table (Chart 2), a contradicting result is implied. Acceptance Percentage Totals for the University Chart 2 Accepted Rejected Total Percent Accepted Women 450 550 1000 45% Men 175 325 500 35% Total 625 875 1500 This table shows women actually having a higher overall acceptance rate than men. This is an example of Simpsons Paradox because it involves misleading data. Obviously, the presentation of the data is very important, and can lead to incorrect assumptions if the data are not used properly (Internet 2). Paradox 2: An Arrow in Flight One can imagine an arrow in flight, toward a target. For the arrow to reach the target, the arrow must first travel half of the overall distance from the starting point to the target. Next, the arrow must travel half of the remaining distance. For example, if the starting distance was 10m, the arrow first travels 5m, then 2.5m. If one extends this concept further, one can imagine the resulting distances getting smaller and smaller. Will the arrow ever reach the target? (Internet 3) The answer is, of course, yes the arrow will reach the target. Our common sense tells us so. But, mathematically, this fact can be proven because the sum of an infinite series can be a finite number. The question contains a premise, which implies that the infinite series will result in an infinite number. Thus, 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + ... = 1 and the arrow hits the target (Internet 3). Paradox 3: Two Equals

PLate Tetonics essays

PLate Tetonics essays Plate tectonics are a relatively new theory that has revolutionized the way geologists think about the Earth. According to the theory, the surface of the Earth is broken into large plates. The size and position of these plates change over time. The edges of these plates, where they move against each other, are sites of intense geologic activity, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building. Plate tectonics is a combination of two earlier ideas, continental drift and sea-floor spreading. Continental drift is the movement of continents over the Earth's surface and in their change in position relative to each other. Sea-floor spreading is the creation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges and movement of the crust away from the mid-ocean ridges. The Earth is divided into three chemical layers: the core, the mantle and the crust. The core is composed of mostly iron and nickel and remains very hot, even after 4.5 billion years of cooling. The core is divided into two layers: a solid inner core and a liquid outer core. The middle layer of the Earth, the mantle, is made of minerals rich in the elements iron, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. The crust is rich in the elements oxygen and silicon with lesser amounts of aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium. There are two types of crust. Basalt is the most common rock on Earth. Oceanic crust is made of relatively dense rock called basalt. The outermost layers of the Earth can be divided by their physical properties into lithosphere and asthenosphere. It is made of lower density rocks, such as andesite and granite. The lithosphere is the rigid outermost layer made of crust and uppermost mantle. The lithosphere is the "plate" of the plate tectonic theory. The asthenosphere is part of the mantle that flows, a characteristic called plastic behavior. It might seem strange that a solid material can flow. The flow of the asthenosphere is part of mantle convection,...

Sony TV Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sony TV Marketing - Case Study Example Australians are generally overweight, less likely to marry, and consuming more goods and services. (Australian Social Trends 2007). As their household income increased, household spending also rose. Since 1985-86, real (i.e. adjusted for inflation) household final consumption expenditure per person has increased on average by 2% each year (from $17,500 in 1985-86 to $26,100 in 2005-06). The largest increases have been on communication services and goods for recreation and culture. The Sony television set falls under the goods for recreation and culture. Australia has experienced an increase in marriages registered. In 2006, there were 114,222 registered marriages, representing an increase of 4,899 (4.5%) from 2005. (Australian Bureau of Statistics). This signals the most significant increase in the number of registrations from 1999. This increase in registration numbers is consistent across all states and territories. New South Wales contributed the highest increase in registrations at a national level, reporting a rise of 2,144 (6.0%) marriages from 2005 to 2006. Consequently, Australia's total fertility rate has increased, reaching 1.81 babies per woman in 2005. This constitutes the highest level of increase from 1995. The main source of this increased spending are women aged 30 years and over. The immigration rate has also increased. ... EconomicEconomic growth and development has been steady at 7% per annum. Australia forms part of the developed country block. International trade has quadrupled as businesses produced various goods and services for export to the United States, Japan and South America. Agricultural commodities and machinery constitute a significant portion of outbound trade. Industrial goods also form a sizeable component of Australian export. Imports are made up of raw materials and tools for industrial production. Natural The Australian government, business sector and civil society have banded together to push for the adoption of adaptation and mitigation efforts given the global climate change. Many local companies have implemented efforts to save energy and to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The legislature is studying proposals on how to speed up the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The Australian government had ratified the Kyoto Protocol. This enabled Australia to be active in international negotiations on climate change for the first time. The new government has set a long-term target of a 60% reduction in emissions by 2050, with a national emissions trading scheme to be implemented by 2010 to enable it to reach the target. The signatories to the Kyoto Protocol have committed to achieving certain emissions targets on average over this 5 year period. TechnologicalSony is selling a thin TV (just over 3 millimeters thick). The new televisions have an 11-inch screen and cost 200,000, or almost $1,800. The Sony TV which is known as the XEL-1, features saturated colors and superlative slimness due to the emerging technology of organic light-emitting diodes, or OLEDs. OLED displays are produced not by the fluorescent bulbs of LCDs, but by

Auditing. The series of scandals caused a general crisis of confidence Essay

Auditing. The series of scandals caused a general crisis of confidence in the integrity of the entire system of corporate accoun - Essay Example Thereafter the author described financial scandals as those corporate scandals that involve misappropriation and misuse of money or economic resources. The chronicles of business history are filled with errors related to accounting, judgements, financial management and financial skulduggery. Over the last few decades unscrupulous entrepreneurs have been heavily involved in financial scandals where they allegedly diverted funds from one stated use to another, paid dividends out of borrowed money or capital, traded stocks on the basis of insider information as well as concealed vital information regarding those stocks, practiced creative account thereby altering the company’s records so on and so forth. Auditing failure has been a major concern over the last two decades with case of Enron and WorldCom coming into the limelight. According to Tackett, Wolf and Claypool (2004), a severe distortion in the financial statements that has not been reported in the audit report can be ter med as audit failure. Thus the auditor has committed a serious mistake while conducting the auditing process (Arens, 2002). Normally, auditing failure would not happen if an auditor is abide by the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards despite the fact whether the financial statement is accurate or fair. ... Thirdly, auditing failure occurs when the auditor is lured into committing such frauds by the company. Lastly, auditing failure might occur if the audit officer may commit fraud intentionally because of having some private relationship with the client beyond a certain level which is normally not expected in normal audit between independent parties. The following sections will highlight the integrity in the System of Corporate Accountability thereby commenting on the role of auditors and their effectiveness in the auditing process. The issues which undermine the credibility of audit reports will also be discussed. Thereafter, the changes that have been made in the auditing regulation will be explained followed by an explanation of the corporate governance framework that exists in Parmalat. Henceforth, the issues of audit reporting will be discussed and appropriate conclusions will be drawn. Integrity in the System of Corporate Accountability Corporate accountability is of utmost impor tance in debates around social issues, ethics and businesses (Brenkert, 2004). Accountability generally refers to the reliability and authenticity in the financial accounts reporting related to the financial status of any corporation. Integrity in the corporate accountability system should be maintained in order to reduce fraudulent activity within the financial reporting system. In the latter half of the twentieth century, the social and environmental issues were also brought under the financial accountability making them responsible for the environmental and social records. Linkage between the accountability and the integration of the Corporate Social Responsibility within the businesses helped to take the Business for Social responsibility to greater heights. It