Corporate Social Responsibility ( Csr ) - 999 Words

Businesses and big corporations face issues regarding their business ethical practices that may arise as potential problems. These practices could impact governments, the outside environment and society as a whole, if those said practices use exploitation and is harmful to its external environment. Because of this major issue, corporations are left with the decision to change the way they operate by applying a code of conduct that would improve their ethical practices suited for the needs of society. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the practice with which a corporation is essentially responsible for their misconduct, and will not only focus on making profits but provide a goodwill to society. CSR is an important implementation for corporations as it is beneficial to the business itself, as well as for its shareholders. With that being said, it also has its disadvantages. This essay will discuss the importance of CSR in the world of business, furthermore it will explain the p rinciples of CSR, and then it will discuss the advantages and disadvantages it has for corporations. CSR is an important part of how a business operates in an ethical way, a corporation’s practices are deemed as ethical if it operates in such a way that is both clean and ecological to the environment, and one that abides by the law. By following this conduct, the corporation follows a much moral way of operating. A corporation that operates in harmful ways, such as exploitation, corruptionShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility And Csr1566 Words   |  7 PagesSocial responsibility or also called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)- is the firm’s engagement (voluntarily initiated) in and its compliance (legally mandated) to environmental, social, and governance issues (The Foundation, 2014). Also, is based on stakeholder’s needs being financially sustainable, and CSR can come from both corporate or not-to-profit organizations. CSR has seven categories; Leadership, vision and values; Marketplace activities; Workforce activities; Supply chain activities ;Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1167 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which is also known as corporate citizenship, corporate conscience or in a simple way a responsible business. It is an integrated concept of self-regulatory business model for any organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility has been in practice for more than fifty years now, which has been adopted not only by domestic companies but also by transnational company with voluntary CSR initiativesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr1232 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate social responsibility has become a buzzword within the industry in the last few years. Following the financial market crash investors and stakeholders began looking at corporations to act more socially responsible. The meaning of social responsibility differs across regions. Western countries are the ones who are pushing for corporate social responsibility -thesis-- A broad overview at corporate social responsibility (CSR) looks to corporations to make a change in the society or the environmentRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility1598 Words   |  7 Pages CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined by many groups like, Tata steel, Coca Cola, Reliance, Videocon etc. Although they all stand for similar meanings connecting to taking responsibilities of the society as a business individual, its definition has been getting broader from a established point of view, corporate social responsibility is a type of business instruction included in a business demonstration. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatoryRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesCSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility and it is a concept with many definitions and practices and also a buzzword in the media. In general, corporate social responsibility is the policies and progra ms of business corporations which tend to benefit society while improving a corporation’s public image and profitability at the same time. The meaning of it is implemented in different countries and companies differently. Warren Buffet said that it takes 20 years to build a reputation and onlyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )863 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology in the last century. The term of Corporate Social Responsibility appears more often into public’s concerned and it has become a hot issue in recent years. This essay is going to discuss and provide an overview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by debate some key issue in this area. 1.2 What is Corporate Social Responsibility? In 1953, Bowen’s Social Responsibility of the Businessman firstly discusses the idea of corporate social responsibility. He states the relationship between societyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1314 Words   |  6 PagesSocial responsibility has become a primal interest to the humankind for the past two decades. In the earlier days, the firms and organizations concentrated only on the financial part of the business and ignored the ethical, social and moral sectors. But in the recent times, the businesses are getting a grip of the significance of the social, ecological and environmental effects on their success. This has resulted in the emerging interactions between organizations and social segments thus giving riseRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1173 Words   |  5 Pages Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is highly important to Millennials. If a company is lacking a CSR plan, now it a good time to start one. Millennials are looking for ways in making a positive impact on the world and are expecting the same from companies. They are looking for companies that contribute to the betterment of communities and the environment. Millennials put great value in supporting such brands, companies and organizations that share these values. Companies without a CSR in placeRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr979 Words   |  4 PagesThe notion of Corporate Social Responsibility is a phenomenon globally known for many years. In spite of the fact that CSR has been neglected for quite a long time, nowadays several authors deal with this issue, as revealed by the development of theories in recent years concerning the topic. In spite of the fact that there has been a huge growth of literature it is still impossible to simply define CSR. Many definitions trying to capture the concept of CSR exist, but their content varies (MattenRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1370 Words   |  6 Pagesmore attention on the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The core issue is the appropriate responsibility of business. In as much as firms ought to obey the law, but beyond complete compliance with environmental laws, the question is whether firms have extra social responsibilities to commit part of their resources to environmental preservation voluntarily. This memo provides an exploratory investigation of the link between corporate social responsibility and the benefits accruing to a

Social Theory A New Understanding Of The World Around Us

Social theory has three uses that illustrate ways in which we can use theories to develop a new understanding of the world around us. The three uses of theory are: intellectual, personal, and social/political. Intellectual involves ways of helping us sharpen our analysis on different situations, personal is when we use theories to explain events that happened in our individuals lives, and social/political describes how theories are used to challenge dominant ways of thinking, and creates new ways for political actions (Sears Cairns, 2010). By applying theory to our own personal experience, we are able to become familiar with different theorists and how their theories relate to our own individual experiences along with all of human society. Theory also challenges our common sense thinking, which is believed to be true even though our common sense thinking does not always predict reality (Sears Cairns, 2010). Through critical analysis of my own experiences, theories of hegemony, quee r theory, and the social construction of gender have reframed my understanding about several events of my life. As a teen, I was always an athlete. I played hockey, soccer, volleyball, and I still play rugby. I want to refer to the time that I was teased for being a â€Å"tomboy† by my classmates because I dressed in sweatpants, did not wear make up or nail polish, and did not perform feminine acts. Even going into high school, I would be asked if I was a lesbian due to my athleticism, which IShow MoreRelatedThe Learning Theory Influences Everyone s Culture, Ethnicity, Gender, And Social Status1605 Words   |  7 Pages The Learning Theory influences everyone’s culture, ethnicity, gender, and social status, by being from different geographical location and religious background everyone has a unique characteristic, when it comes to learning or problem solving. One of the most important events in a human’s life is the â€Å"Learning Theory†. This process takes place from the minute we are born. Information is taken in and absorbed, in turn builds one’s ability to retain what one has learned. Many factors aid in theRead MoreImplicit Personality Theory and Stereotypes1650 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Baron, Byrne Suls in their book Attitudes: Evaluating the social world. (1989) they defined the term Social Psychology as â€Å"the scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behavior in social situations†. (p. 6). There are many concepts of social perception, two of these that will be looked at in this essay are Implicit Personality Theory and stereotypes. Implicit personality theory describes the beliefs, biases and assumptions, that an individual usesRead MoreCultural Studies As A Discipline1269 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween the intellectual world and its environment having become blurred.† (p. 1-10).Ultimately, for cultural studies, what is necessary is that i t be able to define itself as a discipline and to provide social utility and relevance to those who use it. For Ang, cultural study is not only important, but necessary. Ang’s Argument Ien Ang (1999) has argued that â€Å"The origins of cultural studies in adult education rather than the academe are one indication of its fundamental social and political aspirationsRead MoreFor All We Think We Know About Crime There Is Still Much1085 Words   |  5 Pagesidea is the knowledge of control theory. This theory helps uncover what processes or environments lead to a life of criminal acts while at the same time it allows for a chance to learn about our world from a social perspective. It will be important to investigate what in fact control theory is, how it applies to the world in a sociological manner and to explore the implication of the theory in real-time crime. As children, we learn to avoid things that will hurt us whether it be an open flame or aRead MoreEssay on The Sociological Imagination1389 Words   |  6 PagesMy personal condensed definition of â€Å"the sociological imagination† is that it is the idea one should be aware of the societal structures around themselves, and how those structures can influence a person and vice-versa. In addition, I think that having a â€Å"sociological imagination† also involves a deep appreciation for the importance of society and culture. Consequently, for a person that has completed a basic introduction to sociology college course and actually paid attention, I would hope thatRead MoreThe Impossibility Of Religious Freedom1713 Words   |  7 PagesThe act of defining religion has been a contentious issue in a wide variety of situations, particularly in the United States. The US is a nation that prides itself on religious inclusivity and freedom. There are consequences to this belief and tenant. Through the social, legal and moral structures of the United States, defining religion has become imperative. In The Impossibility of Religious Freedom, Winifred Sullivan outlines the legal implications of defining religion in the United States. InRead MoreHow Do the Major Theories of Child Development (Known as the ‘Grand Theories’) Explore the Importance of Social Experiences?1675 Words   |  7 PagesHow do the major theories of child development (known as the ‘grand theories’) explore the importance of social experiences? Social experiences play a vital role in the development of children. Theories of child development have been created to help us to understand how children’s minds develop, taking into account the differences between cultures around the world. Some of these theories explore the possibility that children gain knowledge, develop new concepts and bridge new ideas through interactionRead MoreAnalysis Of Dalton Conley s You May Ask Yourself 1267 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of understanding yourself vs. understanding the social aspect of society, are some of the key concepts mentioned throughout this paper, to help break apart what the sociological imagination consists of. Society is changing a lot, and change can sometimes make it hard to cope with the world around us. Sociological imagination is a lot deeper than just common sense. Author of The Sociological Imagination, C. Wright Mills states, â€Å" Talking about sociological imagination is what makes us feel moreRead MoreLearni ng Value of Visual Arts -Ece832 Words   |  4 PagesPiaget’s Constructivism and Vygotsky’s Social Learning Theory. Art as mere creative expression has been the dominant theme for much of the twentieth century. However, researchers have been finding connections between learning in the visual arts and the acquisition of knowledge and skills in other areas. Art like text can be used as a source to practice critical thinking. Art can also be used to teach children about culture, traditions, history and even social issues. The process of creating artRead MoreSocial Constructionism, Identity and the Concept of Deviance Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Constructionism, Identity and the Concept of Deviance Social constructionist use the term social construction to imply that our understanding of the world in which we live is constructed from the social interactions we have on a daily basis. In reference to identity, social constructionist theory (SCT) proposes that we as social beings actively construct our identities using social tools as the means in which to construct our identities, the foremost one being language. This particular

Social Policy Beveridge Free Essays

After World War Two British citizens where faced with great social problems as there was ill heath due to malnourishment, physical and mental disabilities any health care had to be paid for privately or received through charities and organisations. Houses had been destroyed and where not rebuilt, there were very few jobs available as manufacturing had slowed down due to difficulties in exporting and jobs the war created where lost. The upper classes had better opportunities in obtaining services making the social class divide more prominent. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Policy Beveridge or any similar topic only for you Order Now Winston Churchill recognised the how inadequate social protection was and the need for improvement so he commissioned a William Henry Beveridge 1879-1963 to create a report focused on the reconstruction of post war Briton. Beveridge produced Social Insurance and Allied Services in 1942’ this report contained keynesian policy’s stating that the government should intervene and provide a standard of living for all in a form of Social Insurance and universal benefits that would not be means tested.Although this report was not implemented straightaway by conservative, when labour was elected in 1945 the report formed the basis of the new prime ministers, Clement Attlee government’s legislative programme, for social reform. Within the report Bevedridges aim was to tackle the 5 evils of society, Want, Disease, Squalor, ignorance and idleness which he felt were Britain’s major social problems. Want (poverty) was the main reason for Beveridge’s investigation the ‘National Insurance Act 1946’ entitled people to sickness benefits, unemployment benefit and retirement benefit meaning people would be able to meet their basic needs.The ‘Family allowances Act 1945à ¢â‚¬â„¢ was also introduced and this entitled an allowance to children under the age of sixteen. Disease (ill health) was a dominant issue as many citizens greatly suffered due to the lack and affordability of professional health services ‘The National Health Service Act’ was implemented in 1946 and insured that health care was free to all social classes and available in all areas. Squalor (poor housing) many houses had been destroyed and poorly maintained due to the bombings and cost of up keep, within the ‘New Towns Act 1946’ the Government was given power to designate any area of land that they onsidered development should take place, in order to improve living and working conditions. (www. historylearningsite. co. uk 2010) During this period of time ‘The Education Act 1944’ Targeted Beveridge evil Ignorance (Lack of education) education was limited and expensive this act allowed all children to obtain free education from the age of five, the importance of education was beginning to be understood as a benefit for the economy as a whole.Idleness (unemployment) Beveridge saw full employment as the pivot of the social welfare programme, (class handout) this was a contrast to previous classic economic idea that the government should ‘let well alone. The reports publication caused a stir with people wondering what the outcome would be, it also gave those at home and those in the armed forces a sense of what kind of ideal new society and way of life they had fought for.In 1944 the Education Act was brought forward by a Rab butler the Minister of Education this act was an attempt to create the structure for the post-war British education system, the ba sic aim was to give every child an equal chance to develop his/ her talents and abilities to the fullest in a free education system. By giving children a free education between the ages off five to fifteen meant that every child could engage and achieve a higher academic level and contribute by being more employable, selective entry to secondary schools was now determined by a pupil’s academic ability and not by parental financial means. www. earlhamsociologypages. co. uk 14. 4. 10) By providing free education it opened up secondary schooling to girls and different social classes were given equal opportunities so they could provide a better future for themselves. As a result of more children being educated schools needed to be built. Under the ‘Education Act 1944’ three different types of secondary schools where formed on the bases that the intelligence of a person was Academic, Technical or Practical, this tripartite system catered for different academic levels and gave children with different abilities a chance to further their education.The system reflected the nature of the British class and occupational structure at the time, as there were far more semi-skilled and unskilled manual jobs available at that time. The schools were grammar, secondary modern and technical. Entry to these schools was based on the 11+ examination, taking this exam gave lower class children a chance to obtain the highest education within grammar schools, lower income families became unhappy because their children would have previously contributed to the household income.Although these schools had many benefits the system became scrutinized, parents b oth working and middle classes weren’t happy with the system and labour in 1960s argued the system was elitist and divisive. (Class handout) As the 11+ tests determined the rest of children’s academic future and it was not taken into consideration that children develop at different rates. The 11+ had an effect on primary schools, it was realised middle class children potentially had the upper hand, as they were in higher streams of primary schools or had home schooling, because of this grammar schools remained overwhelmingly middle classed.Few technical schools where established and there was a rise in private schooling as upper and middle class families paid for private schooling if their children did not pass the exam. Although children were being educated when they left school employers found it difficult to know their level of achievement as the General Certificate of Education was not implemented until 1951. The document 1965 circular issued by the labour government formed the start of the conversion from the tripartite system to comprehensive schools. omprehensive schools created equal education opportunities by abolishing the 11+ exam as they did not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement, all children where accepted which encouraged social mi xing, claims where made that a brighter child would be held back and larger schools would be impersonal and some parents did not want their children integrating so they sent their kids to private schools.Although the comprehensive system took place in many areas, some grammar schools still remained. Education was still patchy as teachers competence varied and there was a lack of communication between teachers and parents, there was no set national system in place to ensure all children were being educated to the same level. ‘Education Reform Act 1988’ allowed all schools to be taken out of the direct financial control of  local authorities, financial responsibly was handed to he governors of the schools. (Howard Glennerster British Social Policy since 1945 p57) The National Curriculum was developed so children received education to the same standard, maths English and science where tested at three key age stages 5-7, 7-11,11-14 so progress could be monitored and recorded, individual needs could now be identified. GCE exams where replaced by GCSE’S and schools performance where monitored by offsted inspectors who ensured a high standard of teaching.Schools where now being ranked, parents had knowledge and options available creating a free market, which enable them to choose schools best suited for their children as exam results were now being published, on some occasions it was found that the better schools could get over subscribed. In 1946 whilst Labour was in power an Aneurin Bev an the Minister of health began the nationalisation of all hospitals and health care for expansion of the welfare state, in order to provide a high quality consistent free healthcare service.Society viewed the NHS as the most important public good provided by the Government but although there where great advantages, the NHS still faced Challenges as it was only funded by National insurance and general taxation. The NHS started to be unable to cope with the rising demand for free medical care, which caused inefficiency and a drop in the quality of care which was being provided. Doctors were recommending medical treatment freely without much consideration for cost; there was a growing need for medical research with life expectancy of the population Increasing, government spending on healthcare greatly increased, which in turn meant higher taxation on the people. Due to excessive government spending inflation occurred as Labours relaxed keynesian approach advocated government intervention, by the failing of the free market in order to achieve full employment to stimulate a depressed economy.When the conservative Thatcher government in 1979 came into power the first priority was the economy, the objective was to reduce the inflation rate and decrease direct taxation and to place accountability back into the community, by encouraging British citizens to take responsibility for their own welfare, this task was finance led by using financial controls to change focus A key control being though interest rates. (wikipedia. org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher 18. 11. 10)A law was passed in 1980 ‘National health Services community care Act’ this act lead the reorganisation of the NHS, an internal market was created by Margret Thatcher who gave the NHS a budget and brought business and management ideas by implementing privatisation policies, hospitals began contracting out non-medical services such as laundry, catering and cleaning to private companies. Prescription prices where increased, dental treatment and free services provided by opticians were cut.A funding system Purchaser-provider split was created in 1990 this introduced the concept of self-governing hospitals meaning Hospitals/ providers where no longer paid directly and each hospital was managed by its own board of directors, NHS Hospital Trusts. Government funding was allocated to these Trusts who then selectively purchased care from hospitals. Providers where no longer guaranteed a flow of patients instead providers would need to attract contracts with regional bodies responsible for purchasing care.Two types of purchasers were developed District health authorities and GP fund holding, Doctors were given budgets to buy health care from NHS Trusts or the private sector, this scheme was mostly taken on board in middle class areas. Care packets where brought, meaning they could customise care to the patients needs and were motivated by the ability to reinvest any profit g ained from efficient purchasing to spend as they liked. This gave hospitals and GP’s the control and ability to become specialised in specific areas of care. Patients of GP fund holders were able to obtain treatment more quickly as hospitals were seen to select fund holders patients from waiting lists more often. This selective process was against labours ideology of the welfare NHS system and was scrutinised as they felt all people should have the equal consistent level of care. By creating an internal market productivity was expected to increase through introducing competition among private companies which in turn meant benefits for the patients, more choices better services and importantly cost affective.Although Thatcher made efficient changes her monetarist ideas were met with resistance as the British were not receptive to her idea of a self-reliant society and were against the reduction in government spending on healthcare. Housing is profoundly ideological issue and is such a basic need, there are three types of housing tenure: Private rented, social housing and owner occupancy. Private rented is when a landlord is renting for pro fit; Social housing is when the government and counsel rent to the public for prices lower then privet renting.Owner occupancy is when the property is owned, people usually own houses though a mortgage. Lack of housing was a major problem faced by Atlee’s Labour government  after the war as demands for homes were great, one of the solutions Labour implemented to the housing shortage was to build pre-fabricated homes, ‘pre-fabs’ By 1948 125,000 had been assembled and distributed to areas in need although these ‘pre-fabs’ were meant to be temporary many were lived in for decades. www. historylearningsite. co. uk 2010) Bevan also directed his energy at the building of quality council homes, Labour felt they had a duty to provide good quality social housing for those who had a low income and wanted to live where they work, at this time Labour severely restricted the availability of licences which allowed the building and sale of private homes.After Margret Thatcher become Prime Minister in 1979 the Conservatives rejected the idea of local councils being landlords they wanted to abolish the idea of council housing as they had a principle that the popula tion should be self sufficient, the answer was the ‘Right’ to Buy the legislation implementing the Right to Buy was passed in the Housing Act 1980. This scheme gave families who previously were unable to afford a mortgage a chance to own their own homes, have independence and the responsibilities that come along with it e. . maintenance This was an incentive for the unemployed to work so they could have investments for their families; this idea was welcomed by the population. Property was offered at a reduced price, or could take out a 125 year lease on their flat, Housing and building control Act introduced shared ownership and local authorities could give grants to tenants. Some houses where difficult to sell, so in 1986-1988 homes where discounted at 60% and 70% on flats. Local authorities became obliged to make 100% mortgages available.Councils where now selling to housing associations and private landlords but the proceeds of these sales where not to be spent on the rebuilding of social housing. By 1990 on average 52% of market value, over half the council stock was literally given away it became the biggest single privatisation of the Thatcher era. (Cliff Alcock Daly Griggs Introducing Social Policy p290) Despite public interest Labour government argued that the good quality properties had now been sold, and could not be given to another family in need.The remaining stock of council housing was in undesirable areas with little or no employment opportunities, which lead to further isolating and stigmatising tenants. Social policyBibliography Books Howard Glennerster 2000 -British Social Policy since 1945 Cliff Alcock Daly Griggs- 2008Introducing Social Policy Pete Alcock, Margaret May 2008 – The student’s companion to social policy Web pages http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher http://www. educationengland. org. uk/history/chapter05.html How to cite Social Policy Beveridge, Papers

Magnolia Ice Cream free essay sample

This is the Magnolia Ice Cream Plant. It is the cornerstone of Magnolia’s legacy in making the finest ice cream in Philippine history†¦ A symbol of Magnolia’s commitment to provide families with products and services of superior quality and excellent taste†¦ A showcase of the best equipment and technology in ice cream production Home to highly-driven individuals dedicated to continue making Magnolia Ice Cream a world class name and an integral part of the Filipino’s rich heritage†¦ It is a testament to San Miguel Pure Foods Company’s core purpose of nourishing and nurturing families worldwide†¦ Magnolia Ice Cream†¦ Only the Best will do. MAGNOLIA ICE CREAM Magnolia Dairy Ice Cream is a Philippine brand of ice cream sold domestically in the Philippines and in other markets such as Thailand, the United States, Australia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Magnolia was founded in 1925[1] and the companys tropical ice cream flavours include Halo-halo (a mix of fruits and beans), Buko Pandan (young coconut with pandan), Mais-Queso (corn and cheese), avocado, Nangkasuy (jackfruit with cashew), Ube and Buko Salad (young coconut and fruit), and Macapuno (coconut sport). The brand also offers mango and other flavours like chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla. [2] They also sell special-edition ice cream dubbed Flavor of The Month, which is only sold for a month. Magnolia is a division of San Miguel Corporation, one of Asias largest food and beverage conglomerates. [2][2] It was purchased by Nestle Philippines in 1999, but the brand was relaunched by San Miguel in the Philippines in 2004 after a five year hiatus. Upon reintroduction rocky road, cookies and cream, dulce de leche and double dutch were added as gold label flavors. In 2008 the company introduced Coffee Vienna and Waffle Cheesecake for the Christmas holidays. [3] Magnolia brand ice creams originated in Manila, a tropical city with a hot and humid climate. [4] Flavors like purple taro ice cream, are said to be especially refreshing, and one reviewer compared it to cookies-and-cream. HISTORY From the 1960s until the 1990s Magnolia operated an ice cream parlor at its plant along Aurora Boulevard in Manila, where customers could feast on traditional concoctions like banana splits, sundaes and parfaits. Favorites were Ernie and Bert, Black and White, the Choo-choo Train, Banana Split Fudge, Marshmallow Nut Sundae, and the Coney Island. Magnolia opened many additional locations around the city. [1] The parlor was part of the deal when Magnolia was acquired by Nestle in 1996[1] and the name Magnolia was phased into Nestle branded ice creams, but it was reintroduced in 2004 by San Miguel[5] and the parlor reopened with a partner in 2008. [6] The division had been marketed as one of the family brands of San Miguel. [7] The reintroduction followed the expiration of a non-compete clause. The company expanded and modernized in the early 1990s, with three new plants including one in Iliolo, part of a P25 billion investment plan. [9] Other ice cream production plants were located in Quezon City, Cebu, Davao and Cagayan de Oro, reducing transportation costs. [9] San Miguel had been barred from participating in the ice cream industry for five years starting in 1998, following the sale of its 45% stake in its joint venture with Nestle S. A. of Switzerland, Nestle Philippines Inc. [8] due to a non-compete clause in the agreement. A multi-product industrial park and plant was planned in the Laguna industrial park in Santa Rosa City outside Manila costing $18 million and was expected to come on line in 2005. San Miguel is one of Asias largest food and beverage conglomerates. [8] The company is working to regain market leadership in bulk ice cream through innovations in product packaging and cheaper but premium quality products in a market at P5 billion and dominated by Unilever’s Selecta brand with 40 percent, Nestle with 35 percent and Magnolia with only two percent, as of 2008. In 2009 the company decorated its containers with artworks by renown Filipino artist Fernando Amorsolo. [10] That same year, the old plant at Aurora Boulevard was closed and later demolished to make way for a new residential and commercial site developed by Robinsons Land, eventually reopened as Robinsons Magnolia three years later, with Magnolia Residences opening soon. The Magnolia Ice Cream parlor is located at the new mall. [11] The Magnolia Ice Cream plant is now located in Sta. Rosa, Laguna, which is in operation since 2010. INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS In Thailand, Magnolia is manufactured by Singapore based Fraser Neave, a company that in 1999 established its first presence in Thailand with 500 million baht investment to buy the United ice-cream brand from a Thai partner [13] After the acquisition, it closed all ice-cream factories in Singapore and Malaysia and relocated the production to Thailand and FN rebranded the United ice-cream into Magnolia. Six years later FNs Magnolia is profitable according to a company executive and among the top three brands in Thailands six-billion-baht ice-cream market, after Walls of Unilever Thai Trading and Nestles Thai division. About 60 percent of the total output is slated for exports. [13] The company produced over 300 stock-keeping units in 2005, the smallest unit of measure when the ice-cream is issued from or returned to a warehouse, and had a research and development centre exclusively for the Magnolia ice-cream. [13] According to  an executive, We want to make Thailand stronger as a production centre for Magnolia ice-cream. We have no plans to move the plant to China as we believe Thailand can produce better and high-quality products. [13] In the United States, the Magnolia Brand and Trademark are owned by a separate family business which has no connection to San Miguel Corporation. The ice cream is manufactured by Ramar International Corp. in Pittsburg, California which produces a quality line of ice cream based on traditional Filipino flavors including their best seller, Ube, an ice cream made from purple yams. Currently, Ramar Foods produces one of the only tropical ice cream products in the industry made from real Butterfat, as opposed to Mellorine, which is common among tropical ice cream brands. According to manufacturing manager Steven Eis, the ice cream is very popular in the Filipino communities and is sold in ethnic grocery stores throughout California and Hawaii. But its beginning to draw customers from outside the market as people search for alternatives to vanilla and chocolate.